为实时检测活细胞中乳腺癌易感基因1（BRCA1）的信使核糖核酸（mRNA)的表达量，设计并成功制备出一种新型金纳米荧光分子信标。 研究了该信标的特异性、灵敏度、稳定性和毒性，并通过激光共聚焦和流式细胞术技术检测了该信标的荧光恢复强度,实现了对人胃癌细胞BGC823和其耐药细胞BGC823/DDP中BRCA1 mRNA表达量的检测。利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术，验证了该信标用于检测细胞中BRCA1 mRNA表达量的可靠性。结果表明，该信标具有优良特性，能可靠检测出肿瘤细胞中BRCA1 mRNA的表达水平。

探讨光敏剂锌酞菁体外光动力疗法（ZnPc-PDT）抗肿瘤细胞的量效关系，为合理使用ZnPc提供参考。采用人脑胶质瘤细胞（U87 MG细胞）作为研究对象，用噻唑蓝(MTT)实验考察细胞存活率。采用单一变量的研究方法，分别考察了ZnPc浓度、激光功率密度、光照时间、体系氧含量和组织厚度等参量与U87 MG细胞存活率的关系。利用1,3-二苯基苯并呋喃(DPBF)和DCFH-DA活性氧探针分别检测了ZnPc-PDT过程中单线态氧的产量，并通过倒置显微镜观察经ZnPc-PDT治疗后的细胞形态和死亡细胞比例。结果表明，随着参量设置的变化，ZnPc-PDT对U87 MG细胞的杀伤力具有差异，通过调节参量，可达到较好的ZnPc-PDT治疗效果。

Treatment of malignant brain tumors continues to challenge scientists and clinicians alike. Location of these tumors within the central nervous system (CNS), which is considered a \privileged" organ, can prevent the penetration of chemotherapeutic agents through the blood– brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this limitation, nanoparticles are taken up and transported by macrophage and then delivered directly into the CNS. In this study, we used macrophage to uptake the folate-targeted bifunctional micelles loaded with near-infrared (NIR) dye ICG-Der-01 and investigate the dynamic bio-distributions of macrophage after intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice. In vitro cellular experiments by confocal microscopy indicated that the uptake of micelles in macrophage was greatly enhanced due to the folate receptor overexpression. Dynamic bio-distributions of macrophage showed a rapid clearing rate through the liver intestine pathway. In conclusion, macrophage could potentially be used as nanoparticle drug carriers and require further investigation.

Near infrared (NIR) emitting quantum dots (QDs) is a promising candidate for biomedical imaging in living tissues. However, the biomedical application of NIR QDs was not satisfactory due to their toxicity. ₂ QDs was reported to have negligible toxicity in organisms. Therefore, the appropriate narrow bandgap and low toxicity of ₂ QDs facilitated them to be a promising contrast agent for fluorescence imaging. Here, a low toxicity, stable and highly luminescent NIR ₂ QDs were prepared by one-step aqueous method using 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as the coating layers. Emission wavelength of ₂ QDs could be tuned between 780 and 950 nm. MTT assay results indicated that there was no significant biotoxicty for ₂ QDs. These NIR QDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility in tumor cells. The cellular uptake and localization of ₂ QDs was studied using laser confocal scanning microscopy. ₂ QDs were effectively internalized by the cells. Therefore, ₂ QDs, acting as a novel fluorescence probe, has promising potential in biolabeling, deep tissue imaging, diagnostics and photodynamic therapy.

A novel near-infrared light responsive microcapsule system, gold nanorod-covered DOX-loaded hollow CaCO₃ microcapsule (AuNR-HM-DOX) is developed for cancer therapy. The hollow CaCO₃ microcapsules were prepared based on the self-assembly between chitosan and sodium alginate on CaCO₃ particles via layer-by-layer technique, and then covered with gold nanorods to obtain the microcapsule system. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, microcapsule with gold nanorods can convert the absorbed NIR light into heat. Meanwhile, doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug, is loaded into the microcapsule system via electrostatic adsorption for combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. Properties of AuNR-HM-DOX including grain diameter, optical spectra were characterized. Confocal fluorescence imaging was performed to observe the morphology of the capsules and existence of DOX in the core, confirming the successful loading of DOX. The release of DOX from the capsules under continuous NIR irradiation was investigated to evaluate the temperature responsiveness of AuNR-HM-DOX. Results indicate that AuNR-HM-DOX microcapsules possess uniform particle size and high light responsiveness. The combination of chemical and physical therapy of AuNR-HM-DOX features great potential as an adjuvant therapeutic alternative material for combined cancer therapy.

The synthesis of water-soluble quantum dots (QDs) has recently received extensive attention due to noninvasive detection of biological information in living subjects. In this paper, high-quality water-soluble (cadmium-free) quaternary AgZnInS QDs have been successfully synthesized using a green synthetic route. The as-prepared QDs exhibit tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission between 521 and 658 nm. Secondly, multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the effective cancer chemotherapy. DOX, a widely used antitumor drug was modified on the surface of the QDs in this study. It, therefore, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX to MDR cancer cells as the QDs could bring the DOX to nucleus.

The diagnosis of bacterial infections remains a major challenge in medicine. Optical imaging of bacterial infection in living animals is usually conducted with genetic reporters such as lightemitting enzymes or fluorescent proteins. However, there are many circumstances where genetic reporters are not applicable, and there is an urgent need for exogenous synthetic probes that can selectively target bacteria. Optical imaging of bacteria in vivo is much less developed than methods such as radioimaging and MRI. Furthermore near-infrared (NIR) dyes with emission wavelengths in the region of 650·900 nm can propagate through two or more centimeters of tissue and may enable deeper tissue imaging if sensitive detection techniques are employed. Here we constructed an antimicrobial peptide fragment UBI29-41-based near-infrared fluorescent imaging probe. The probe is composed of UBI29-41 conjugated to a near infrared dye ICG-Der- 02. UBI29-41 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that targets the anionic surfaces of bacterial cells. The probe allows detection of Staphylococcus aureus infection (5×10⁷cells) in a mouse local infection model using whole animal near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the UBI29-41-based imaging probe can selectively accumulate within bacteria. The significantly higher accumulation in bacterial infection suggests that UBI29-41-based imaging probe may be a promising imaging agent to detect bacterial infections.

合成了两种近红外有机荧光探针, 即叶酸-PEG-ICG-Der-01和LDL-ICG-Der-02, 它们分别以肿瘤表面高度表达的叶酸受体以及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体为靶点。探针复合物中的叶酸和低密度脂蛋白部分为探针分子提供靶向“导向”, 通过化学共价键分别与有机近红外染料ICG-Der-01和ICG-Der-02偶联, 近红外染料则为探针分子的荧光信号输出端。利用紫外分光光度计、近红外荧光光谱仪及近红外荧光成像系统分析这两种荧光探针的光学性质, 以及它们在叶酸受体及LDL受体过度表达的肿瘤鼠体内的成像过程。结果显示, 所合成的叶酸-PEG-ICG-Der-01和LDL-ICG-Der-02探针的荧光强度及光稳定性都高于对应的染料单体。而体内成像结果则表明两种探针都保持了叶酸和LDL的生物活性, 能有效地靶向到相关肿瘤部位, 成像清晰, 并且能最终代谢排出体外。比较这两种探针, 叶酸-PEG-ICG-Der-01对肿瘤细胞的靶向性要优于LDL-ICG-Der-02, 并能用于肿瘤早期诊断。

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure changes of total hemoglobin concentration, 'Delta'(Hb)_(total), and relative vascular oxygenation 'Delta'(HbO2) in rat mammary and prostate tumors in response to hyperoxic gas interventions. 19F NMR of vascular perflubron was used to compare with the NIRS observations. The consistent trends between 'Delta'(Hb)_(total) and 'Delta'V_(T-blood) demonstrated that the NIRS can serve as an accurate, non-invasive, real time, monitoring tool for tumor vascular volume measurement. Meanwhile, these results also demonstrated that different types of tumors may respond to hyperoxic gases differently, and that NIRS could be used to assess vascular oxygenation changes non-invasively for guiding tumor therapy.

A specific designed steady-state fiber spectrometer system was applied to measure the optical parameters in rat brain tissue. The reduced scattering coefficient spectrum was obtained from the responding empirical formula, while the absorption coefficient spectrum can be fitted by a unique diffusion theoretical model in near infrared range (650-850 nm). 12 rats were performed in vivo in real time measurements. The range of absorption coefficient in gray matter and white matter of rat brain tissue were obtained from the systemic statistic analysis by applying the empirical formula and theoretical model, and the results were evaluated by tissue phantom experiment. These data have great value in research and clinic applications.